Which of the following describes moderate sedation?
a. The patient can respond to verbal com-mands, although cognitive function may be impaired.
b. The patient is not easily aroused but can respond to painful stimulation.
c. The patient can perform purposeful re-sponse following repeated or painful stim-ulation.
d. The patient cannot be aroused, even by painful stimulation.
ANS: C
Minimal Sedation
Patients can respond to verbal commands, although cognitive function may be impaired. Venti-latory and cardiovascular functions are unaffected.
Moderate Sedation (Conscious Sedation)
The patient can perform purposeful response following repeated or painful stimulation. Sponta-neous ventilation is adequate, and cardiovascular function is usually maintained.
Deep Sedation
The patient is not easily aroused but can respond to painful stimulation. Spontaneous ventilation and maintenance of patient airway may be inadequate. Cardiovascular function is usually main-tained.
Anesthesia
This level involves general anesthesia, spinal, or major regional anesthesia; local anesthesia is not included. Patient cannot be aroused, even by painful stimulation. Ventilatory assistance is typi-cally required (i.e., artificial airway and positive-pressure ventilation). Cardiovascular function may be impaired.
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