After reading the passages, answer the true-false questions based on the content of the reading.

Question

William Ouchi (1981) pinpointed five ways in which Japanese corporations differ from those of the
United States. Two of these will be discussed here.
Hiring and Promoting Teams. In Japan, teamwork is central. College graduates who join a corporation are all paid about the same starting salary. They also get raises as a team. They develop intense loyalty to one another and to their company, for the welfare of one represents the welfare of all. Only in later years are individuals singled out for recognition. When there is an opening in the firm, outsiders are not even considered.
In the United States, personal achievement is central. An employee is hired on the basis of what the firm thinks that individual can contribute. Employees try to outperform others, and they strive for raises and promotions as signs of personal success. The individual’s loyalty is to himself or herself, not to the company. Outsiders are considered for openings in the firm.

_1. It can be inferred that there is less competition within a Japanese company than in a U.S. company.

_2. Personal recognition is not important to Americans.

_3. As a general rule, U.S. employees are extremely loyal to their companies.

_4. In Japan individuals with the same qualifications are paid about the same throughout young adulthood.

_5. One trait of U.S. employees is that they are concerned with the welfare of all.

Answer 1

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F