As a result of hypoxemia and polycythemia, persons with chronic obstructive bronchitis are prone to:
A) Breakdown of elastin
B) Left-sided heart failure
C) Pulmonary hypertension
D) Expiratory airway collapse
Ans: C
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Hypoxemia causes reflex vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vessels and further impairment of gas exchange in the lung. Hypoxemia also stimulates red blood cell production, causing polycythemia. As a result, persons with chronic obstructive bronchitis may develop pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure. With breakdown and loss of lung elasticity and hyperinflation of the lungs with emphysema, the airways often collapse during expiration.
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