Using genetic engineering techniques, which of the following would you do to a protein that normally is constitutively secreted to make it accumulate in the ER?
A) fuse it to GFP
B) add an amino acid that would get a mannose-6-phosphate group added to its carbohydrate
C) add a KDEL sequence near its C-terminus
D) mutate one of the asparagines that is normally glycosylated to an alanine, which is not glycosylated
E) None of these would cause the protein to accumulate in the ER.
Answer: C
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Why is nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) more frequent in eukaryotes?
A. Bacteria replicate frequently and so can use recombination repair to repair most double-strand breaks. B. The period of time between DNA synthesis events is longer so double-strand breaks occurring outside of the period require NHEJ. C. NHEJ is a mutagenic process that is tolerated better in larger genomes. D. Some eukaryotic cell types use NHEJ as a source of gene variation. E. All of the choices given are correct.
Which of these can be described as the release of the oocyte from an ovary?
A) menstruation B) ovulation C) implantation D) fertilization
The accompanying graph shows a growth curve of E. coli growing in a defined medium containing equal molar amounts of glucose and lactose
Based on your knowledge of the regulation of the lac operon, the best explanation of these results is that A) early on, due to the presence of lactose, the bacteria use the lac operon. Glucose is used later. B) the bacteria use both sugars simultaneously. C) the presence of glucose causes the formation of cAMP catabolic repressor protein (CRP) complexes, which shut down the lac operon until the glucose is used up. D) glucose is used first. Once glucose becomes limiting, intracellular cAMP increases, forming cAMP–CRP complexes that activate the lac operon to use lactose. E) early on the glucose binds to the repressor protein lacI and shuts down the lac operon.
Which of the following statements are true or false? If a statement is false, explain why it is false
A. Enzymes lower the free energy released by the reaction that they facilitate. B. Enzymes lower the activation energy for a specific reaction. C. Enzymes increase the probability that any given reactant molecule will be converted to product. D. Enzymes increase the average energy of reactant molecules.