Which one the following statements is true?
A. Cerebral palsy is permanent and progressive.
B. Damage to the basal ganglia produces ataxic cerebral palsy.
C. Hypoxia during birth is a common cause of cerebral palsy.
D. Cognitive, visual, and speech deficits are common in cerebral palsy.
E. None of the above
ANS: D
Rationale: Cerebral palsy is the result of permanent, but nonprogressive damage to the developing brain. This damage often produces motor, cognitive, visual, auditory, and/or speech deficits. Damage to axons near the lateral ventricles causes spastic cerebral palsy (spasticity is neuromuscular overactivity). Damage in the basal ganglia causes dyskinetic CP (characterized by involuntary movements and postures). Cerebellar damage causes ataxic CP (characterized by uncoordinated movements). Cerebral palsy is also described as hypotonic or mixed. Cerebral palsy is rarely caused by hypoxia or difficulties during labor but may be caused by genetic, metabolic, immune and coagulation disorders, and maternal infection.
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