A patient with a tracheal airway exhibits signs of tube obstruction. Which of the following are possible causes of this obstruction?
1. The tube cuff has herniated over the tip of the tube.
2. The tube is obstructed by a mucus plug or secretions.
3. The tube is kinked, or the patient is biting the tube.
4. The tube orifice is impinging on the tracheal wall.
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
Obstruction of the tube is one of the most common causes of airway emergencies. Tube obstruc-tion can be caused by (1) the kinking of the tube or the patient biting on the tube, (2) herniation of the cuff over the tube tip, (3) obstruction of the tube orifice against the tracheal wall, and (4) mucus plugging (Figure 36-36).
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