Which of the following conditions will commonly reveal breath sounds with inspiration greater than expiration on assessment?
1. Normal lung
2. Bronchiectasis
3. Emphysema
4. Acute bronchitis
5. Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
6. Consolidating pneumonia
a. 1, 2, 5
b. 3, 5, 6
c. 2, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 4
D
The normal lung, bronchiectasis, and acute bronchitis will commonly present with an inspiration greater than expiration ratio. Acute bronchitis can also have inspiration that equals expiration ratio as also seen with emphysema, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, and consolidating pneumonia. Noting that many conditions present with the same findings affirms the need for further assessment and evaluation.
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