Since the 1980s, the number of discretionary parole releases has ______ while the number of mandatory parole releases has ______.
a. increased; declined
b. remained steady; declined
c. declined; increased
d. increased; remained steady
c. declined; increased
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A key catalyst for the inclusion of PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association was what?
a. WWII b. The attacks of 9/11 c. Hurricane Katrina d. The Vietnam War
Some large police departments have unions for:
a. officers and sergeants. b. lieutenants and captains. c. civilian personnel. d. All of the above
Which sanction requires the offender to spend some time in jail or prison and before being released into corrections in the community?
A. house arrest B. shock probation C. residential community housing D. intensive supervised probation
A number of studies by feminist criminologists show than factors that cause male offending ______ those for females. In fact, these findings are considered a major strength of feminist theories.
a. are less numerous than b. are more numerous than c. are almost identical to d. are different than