Which of the following is NOT present in the preoperational stage?
a. the ability to reverse thoughts or operations
b. egocentric thought
c. the ability to think symbolically
d. the tendency to confuse words with the objects they represent
ANSWER: a
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Suppose that you have a mental image of your favorite male actor. If that image is stored in a propositional code, the representation would emphasize
a. spatial relationships, including information about angles and lines. b. a correspondence between the mental imagery and perceptual imagery. c. a language-like description. d. spatial relationships for the actor's general shape, but a language-like description for the details of his face.
In the context of measurement of personality, which of the following statements is true?
A) The reliability of tests is usually assessed by comparing test results to external criteria or standards. B) A reliable IQ test does not usually provide scores during childhood that remain reasonably similar in adolescence and adulthood. C) The intellectual functioning of an individual cannot be assessed without relating it to other people in the same age group. D) The validity of personality tests cannot be assessed by comparing test results to external criteria or standards.
Because Rachel is too young to make transformations, she is unable to
a. distinguish between a larger circle and a smaller circle. b. mentally change the shape of clay from a ball to a worm. c. tell who is taller, mommy or daddy. d. recognize colors.
Which of the following is a cognitive factor associated with infantile amnesia?
a. Infants do not reliably use language to symbolize or classify events. b. The hippocampus is not mature until the age of two. c. Myelination of the brain pathways involved in memory is not complete until around age three. d. Infants repress aggressive impulses and perverse lusts toward their parents.