The nurse is caring for an older patient newly diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The nurse should explain to the client that this diagnosis occurs more frequently in older adults due to which normal aging change?
1. An increased amount of saliva
2. An increase in esophageal peristalsis
3. An increased incidence of hiatal hernia
4. A tightening of the lower esophageal sphincter
3. An increased incidence of hiatal hernia
Explanation: 1. There is a decrease in the amount of saliva available to lubricate the food with aging.
2. Aging usually affects the esophagus with a decrease in peristalsis.
3. There is an increased incidence of hiatal hernia that occurs with aging. Hiatal hernia occurs when a small portion of the stomach slides into the chest cavity trapping some of the stomach and its contents.
4. The lower esophageal sphincter muscle weakens with aging, increasing the likelihood of reflux.
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