A 1-month-old infant is admitted to the Emergency Department with severe diarrhea. Which assessment suggests the infant is severely dehydrated?
1. Skin moist and flushed; mucous membranes dry
2. Low specific gravity of urine; skin color pale
3. Fontanelles depressed; capillary refill greater than 3 seconds
4. High specific gravity of urine; moist mucous membranes
3
Rationale:
1. Moist, flushed skin is not a sign of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes are signs of mild, not severe, dehydration.
2. Low specific gravity of urine and pale skin color are not signs of dehydration.
3. Two signs of severe dehydration are depressed fontanelles and capillary refill time greater than 3 seconds.
4. High specific gravity of urine and moist mucous membranes are not signs of severe dehydration.
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