The following statements about endotoxin are true EXCEPT
A) Endotoxins are known to be pyrogens.
B) Endotoxin can be part of the PAMP recognized by PRR.
C) Endotoxins produced by enterics such as Escherichia coli are also known as enterotoxin.
D) Endotoxins are produced by gram-negative bacteria.
E) Endotoxin is the toxic portion of the LPS.
Answer: C) Endotoxins produced by enterics such as Escherichia coli are also known as enterotoxin.
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A common feature of action potentials is that they _____
A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize B) can undergo temporal and spatial summation C) are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold D) move at the same speed along all axons E) require the diffusion of Na+ and K+ through ligand-gated channels to propagate
Comparative embryology helped clarify the relationships among major groups of animals. Bilaterians, for example, are (select all that apply)
A. diploblastic B. triploblastic C. coelomate D. acoelomate E. protostomate
The data below shows recombination of genes (1-5) according to the amount of time available for transfer of the bacterial chromosome during conjugation between different genetic strains in E coli. Based on these data, which gene is closest to gene 1? (Note: The entire chromosome is transferred in 100 minutes.)
A. gene 2
B. gene 3
C. gene 4
D. gene 5
In which of the following reactions must the equivalent of a water molecule be added in order to break
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