The fact that native Japanese and Chinese speakers may have difficulty pronouncing English words with a consonant on the end is an example of what type of constraint in acquiring a second language?
a) processing
b) linguistic
c) procedural
d) pronunciation
B
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The psychological goal of understanding behavior is achieved when
a. control over behavior is made possible. b. a careful description of behavior is made. c. psychologists can explain why a behavioral phenomenon occurs. d. empirical evidence is obtained.
Grocery stores in the Toronto area attempted to get shoppers to reuse their plastic shopping bags either by providing a 5-cent credit for doing so or by imposing a 5-cent tax for not reusing their bags. Which statement about the results of this policy is TRUE?
A) The credit but not the tax significantly increased bag reuse. B) The tax but not the credit significantly increased bag reuse. C) Both manipulations equally increased bag reuse. D) Both manipulations significantly increased bag reuse, but the tax was more effective.
Cognitive maps are
a. observable mental events. b. consistent with conditioning theories. c. learned without reinforcement. d. inconsistent with insightful problem solving.
Complete the following analogy, based on information from your text: behaviorism: ________ as Gestalt psychology: ________
a. rewards; perceptions b. perceptions; interpretations c. observable behavior; reinforcement d. mental behavior; interpretations and construals