According to Skolnick and Fyfe (1993), when the mere presence of police produces the desired outcome and use of force becomes irrelevant, this is known as:

a. Presence
b. Persuasive verbalization
c. Command verbalization
d. Firm grips


a. Presence

Criminal Justice

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Most law firms that handle family law matters devote a major portion of their practices exclusively to this area of law.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

The Miranda warning that anything said "can and will be used against" the suspect is needed not only to make the suspect aware of the privilege against self-incrimination but also aware of the ________________________ of foregoing the privilege

Fill in the blank with correct word.

Criminal Justice

Jim is a husband and a father to three daughters. He believes he is the leader of the family and often slaps his wife and children to “keep them in line” and teach them respect. This is an example of what cause of victimization ______.

A. stress B. social learning C. patriarchy D. neighborhood context

Criminal Justice

Which of the following class of factors is shared among cities that have chronic, emerging, and declining gang problems?

A. political B. economic C. demographic D. cultural

Criminal Justice