Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
A) Vesicoureteral reflux
B) Catheter-induced infection
C) Antigen–antibody complexes
D) Glomerular membrane viruses
Ans: C
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Two types of immune mechanisms have been implicated in the development of glomerular disease: injury resulting from antibodies reacting with fixed glomerular antigens and injury resulting from circulating antigen–antibody complexes that become trapped in the glomerular membrane. Reflux, which is the most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis, results from superimposition of infection on congenital vesicoureteral reflux or intrarenal reflux. Urinary catheters provide a means for microorganisms to ascend into the urinary tract to cause bladder infections or pyelonephritis.
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