Studies on personality and culture reveal which of the following?
a) Each culture has an equal degree of both individualism and collectivism.
b) Research shows that the United States has the highest degree of collectivism.
c) According to personality research, Australia has the lowest degree of individualism.
d) Studies show that Guatemala and Ecuador are some of the most collectivist cultures.
Answer: d
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Stefan is an individual who has a high need for achievement. His boss has three jobs that need to be completed: one job is easy, one job is moderately difficult, and one job is extremely difficult. If Stefan is allowed to choose which of the three jobs he will undertake for his boss, you would expect that Stefan will
a. maximize the task difficulty by selecting the hardest job. b. choose the easy job, to maximize his chance for success. c. choose the moderately difficult job. d. ask his boss to make the choice, to avoid a potentially negative evaluation.
Rosenthal and Jacobson’s (1968) “Pygmalion in the Classroom” study, in which the IQ scores of “bloomers” increased significantly in comparison with their classroom peers, is an example of ______.
a. upward social comparisons b. a self-fulfilling prophecy c. cognitive dissonance theory d. self-justification theory
Attachment pattern is related to the child's temperament
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Linguist Noam Chomsky reasoned that
A) children are born with a series of inborn modules that are specialized for different aspects of language acquisition. B) reinforcement and imitation fully explain language development in toddlers and preschool-age children. C) the rules of sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to even a cognitively sophisticated young child. D) children's innate desire to verbally interact with others promotes language development in all cultures.