Internal validity refers to whether the manipulation or control of the independent variable has a genuine effect
on the dependent variable in
a. a controlled setting
b. an uncontrolled setting
c. other settings
d. none of the above
A
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Although 4-year-olds are capable of involving themselves in doing meaningful work, it is too hard for 3- and 2-year-old children to do any work that would produce a feeling of satisfaction for them
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What do you conclude? Is there an effect of fatigue on mental alertness? Write your answer in APA style.
Jorge would like to examine the effects of fatigue on mental alertness. He prepares an attention test that requires subjects to sit in front of a blank TV screen and press a response button each time a dot appears on the screen. A total of 110 dots is presented during a 90-minute period, and Jorge records the number of errors for each subject. Two groups of subjects are selected. The first group of subjects is tested after they have been kept awake for 24 hours. The second group is tested in the morning after a full night’s sleep. The data for these two samples are as follows: AWAKE 24 HOURS RESTED Sample size = 10 Sample size = 10 Mean # dots detected: 25 Mean # dots detected: 35 Sum of Squares = 253 Sum of Squares = 310
When schools' and families' sets of beliefs clash, it is important that
A) teachers adjust their classroom expectations to match those of the family. B) teachers and parents talk openly and frankly about the differences. C) family members adjust their expectations at home to match those of the school. D) an external mediator be utilized to avoid an escalation of conflict.
The research on learned optimism shows that:
a. It is possible to intervene and increase optimism, leading to increased happiness in life. b. Optimism is largely determined by others and not in your control. c. The research has found that it is not possible to change your mindset, once your mind is set it usually stays the same. d. Optimism is a cultural phenomenon and largely determined by your ethnic background.