Which of the following is not an advantage of the specific immune response over the nonspecific immune response?
a. It recognizes specific disease agents.
b. It is more effective at resisting infections.
c. It retains memory of previous infections.
d. It forms the basis of immunization against infections an organism has yet to experience.
e. It responds more rapidly to an initial infection.
E; The nonspecific immune system is primed to respond immediately to various categories of infective agents. The specific, involving specific recognition molecules, takes longer to respond, but is specific to each agent, and retains memory of previous exposure, which forms the basis for the effectiveness of vaccines.
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A key influence of the atrioventricular node on the heartbeat is to
A. speed up the conduction of the electrical impulse to contract as it passes from the atria to the ventricles. B. slow down the conduction of the electrical impulse to contract as it passes from the atria to the ventricles. C. act as a barrier that prevents the conduction of the electrical impulse to contract as it passes from the atria to the ventricles. D. not alter the speed at which the electrical impulse to contract passes from the atria to the ventricles. E. block backflow of blood from the aorta into the right ventricle.
A dysfunctional cell lacks a signal peptidase and is unable to cleave the ER signal sequence from proteins translated in the ER. What will be the effect on the cell's proteins?
A. The cell will have no integral membrane proteins B. All cellular proteins will have an ER signal sequence C. There will be a common signal sequence at the N-terminus of all integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane D. All cellular proteins will become membrane proteins E. There will be a common signal sequence at the C-terminus of all integral membrane proteins in the nuclear envelope
What is vertical transmission of viruses?
a. an infection transferred between species b. an infection transferred from plant to plant c. an infection inherited from a parent organism d. an infection caused by mutated proteins
The primary reason certain plants grow well as houseplants is because they may be adapted to
A. dry growing conditions B. growing short branches C. lack of temperature changes D. areas that normally lack direct sunlight E. areas that get very little mineral content in the soils