Briefly discuss the research on cognitive coping. When people experience traumas, what sorts of cognitive responses are likely to be most helpful in promoting recovery?
What will be an ideal response?
a . Beliefs that violate assumptive worlds are especially detrimental.
b. Coming up with an explanation—any explanation—is important. To the extent that people feel that there is no explanation for the trauma, or that it was completely random or arbitrary, they are likely to feel helpless and vulnerable.
i. Blaming oneself—counter to intuition—can actually help people reclaim a sense of self-control and power, and move on from the trauma .
c. In addition to working to restore self-esteem and a sense of self-control, effective coping also involves
i. making downward comparisons rather than upward comparison
ii. finding meaning or purpose to the trauma
d. While optimism does not appear to be especially beneficial, there is evidence that pessimism is detrimental to recovery; thus, avoiding a pessimistic outlook is critical.
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Which of the following is one of the five primary types of compulsive acts seen in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder?
A. Cleaning B. Fear of contamination C. Fear of danger D. Scanning
Distinguish between a situation in which an outlier would weaken Pearson’s r and a situation in which it would strengthen it.
What will be an ideal response?
Skinner's experiment utilized a relatively weak form of punishment: a device that slapped a rat on the paw when it attempted to press a lever. Subsequent research revealed that _____ forms of punishment are capable of suppressing behavior for _____ periods of time
A) ?weak; long B) ?time-out; short C) ?more intense; much longer D) ?less intense; much longer
Discuss the drawbacks associated with quasi-experimental strategies.
What will be an ideal response?