A client who presents in the psychiatric unit tells the admitting nurse that he or she is very depressed and is having a hard time staying clean and sober. Which of the following describes the psychobiology of his or her illness?
1. Depression or other mental illness should be treated with compatible medications.
2. Depression or other mental illnesses are symptoms of the substance abuse.
3. There is heritability and predisposition to alcohol dependence as well as complex environmental influences.
4. Depression or other mental illnesses is an expected outcome of substance abuse recovery.
3
Rationale: Four to five percent of people in Western societies have difficulty with alcohol dependence and the relapse rate is 50–80% in a year. The psychobiology of alcohol dependence includes an understanding of the environmental and genetic contributions. Depression and other mental illness should be treated along with the alcohol dependence. Melancholy and despair may occur from time to time as a natural part of recovery, but depression or other mental illnesses are not expected outcomes of recovery.
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As the nurse hurries from the client's room to the medication room, the family step out and beg the nurse to explain what's happening, and ask how the client is doing. The nurse provides a quick update and asks the unit clerk to: 1. Sit with the family and explain what is happening. 2. Ask the family not to disturb the nurses, who are trying to care for the client. 3. Call the facility chaplain to sit with the family and provide support. 4. Assess the family's coping mechanisms and report back to the nurse.
Intravenous carmustine has been prescribed for a patient with cancer. The nurse should help relieve the discomfort of pain and burning during the infusion by
A) slowing the infusion. B) decreasing the volume used for dilution. C) decreasing the total volume of the primary IV infusion. D) administering a dose of 2 units of bleomycin before carmustine.
After the nurse instructs the client on the proper use of nasal spray, which statement made by the client indicates an appropriate understanding of the teaching session?
1. "I must gargle with warm water prior to spraying of medication." 2. "I need to keep my head tilted back during the spraying." 3. "I must pinch off one side of my nose when spraying into the other side." 4. "I will take a deep breath and blow out all of my air before spraying."
The most important reason to protect the preterm infant from cold stress is that:
a. it could make respiratory distress syndrome worse. b. shivering to produce heat may use up too many calories. c. a low temperature may make the infant less able to digest nutrients. d. cold decreases circulation to the extremities.