Positivist theories assume there’s a social consensus on what is moral / immoral and thereby a consensus on what behaviours ought to be criminalized. They also assume some persons are criminals while others are not. What are some implications of these assumptions?
Answer: The positivist viewpoint in criminal science looks to inner or outer impacts on people as the essential driver of criminal conduct. Most endeavors to clarify wrongdoing throughout the last century have inspected social variables as causes.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Most therapeutic communities offer short-term opportunities for offender rehabilitation. 2. Heritability is a larger factor in type I alcoholics than in type II alcoholics. 3. According to the bulk of research on the connection between drug use and crime, drug abuse appears to initiate a criminal career. 4. Drug abuse increases the extent and seriousness of criminal activity. 5. Phase III, the final phase in the Delaware Multistage Program, occurs while offenders are still incarcerated.
Edwin Lemert (1951) described the process through which a person could be so intensely stigmatized that their future behaviour was driven toward deviance. What did he call this?
a. “dramatization of evil” b. primary deviance c. secondary deviance d. societal rationalization
The party who initiates a civil suit is known as the:
a. Appellant c. appellee b. Victim d. plaintiff
In order for the results of a test crash of two cars to be admissible in court:
a. the experiment must be conducted jointly by prosecution and defense experts. b. speed, road conditions, weather, and other variables should be the same as they were in the case where the results of the test crash will be used. c. both sides must stipulate in advance that the test will be admissible. d. the vehicles must not violate any laws, including the Vehicle Code, when the test is conducted.