A client in the second trimester of pregnancy is experiencing severe heartburn. What should the nurse explain about the reasons for this health problem? Select all that apply
1. Decreased gastrointestinal motility
2. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism
3. Increased production of progesterone
4. Relaxation of the esophageal sphincter
5. Displacement of the stomach by the enlarging uterus
1, 3, 4, 5
Explanation:
1. Decreased gastrointestinal motility contributes to heartburn.
2. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism contribute to the development of nausea and vomiting.
3. The increased production of progesterone in pregnancy contributes to heartburn.
4. Relaxation of the esophageal sphincter contributes to heartburn.
5. Heartburn during pregnancy appears to be primarily a result of the displacement of the stomach by the enlarging uterus.
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