A patient comes to the clinic with symptoms as seen in a cold. What group of upper respiratory drugs causes local vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow and shrinks swollen membranes to improve air flow?
A) Antitussives
B) Decongestants
C) Expectorants
D) Mucolytics
B
Feedback:
Decongestants cause local vasoconstriction that decreases blood flow to irritated and dilated capillaries of the mucous membranes lining the nasal passages and sinus cavities. This vasoconstriction leads to a shrinking of swollen membranes and opens clogged nasal passages promoting drainage of secretions and improved air flow. Antitussives either work directly on the medullary cough center of the brain or act as a local anesthetic on the respiratory passages blocking the effectiveness of the stretch receptors that stimulate a cough reflex. Expectorants liquefy lower respiratory tract secretions, reducing the viscosity of the secretions and so making it easier to cough them up. Mucolytics break down mucus to aid a person in coughing up thick tenacious secretions by separating cells that hold mucous material together.
You might also like to view...
The parents of a child with cancer tell the nurse that a bone marrow transplant (BMT) may be necessary. What information should the nurse recognize as important when discussing this with the family?
a. BMT should be done at the time of diagnosis. b. Parents and siblings of the child have a 25% chance of being a suitable donor. c. If BMT fails, chemotherapy or radiotherapy will need to be continued. d. Finding a suitable donor involves matching antigens from the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system.
Which of the following is a computer charting system related to predicting client outcomes in home health care?
a. EHR b. OASIS c. NANDA d. HIPAA
The physician has ordered a cholinesterase inhibitor medication for the client with dementia. The family asks if this medication will cure the client. The best response by the nurse is which of the following?
1. Cholinesterase inhibitors have positive effects when used in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. 2. Cholinesterase inhibitors eradicate some of the symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease. 3. The drug should be taken on an empty stomach. 4. Cholinesterase inhibitors shorten the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
A 7-year-old attending a Roman Catholic Mass with his parents stands and holds his hymnal to sing the opening song. According to Fowler, what stage of development is this child experiencing?
A) undifferentiated faith C) mythical–literal faith B) intuitive–projective faith D) synthetic–conventional faith