Through what stages does moral development progress during childhood and adolescence?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- According to Kohlberg, moral development emerges in a three-level sequence, which is further divided into six stages.
- Overall the focus of Kohlberg's theory is on justice.
- People move from a strict rule based moral judgment to a level of universal moral principles.
- People move through the periods in strict order and can potentially reach the highest level during adolescence.
- According to Gilligan, moral behavior is viewed differently by males and females.
- Morality develops among females in a three-stage process.
- Girls move from an orientation toward individual survival to a morality of nonviolence.
- The focus of Gilligan's theory is on caring and relationships.
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A chi-square test for goodness of fit is used to examine the distribution of individuals across three categories, and a chi-square test for independence is used to examine the distribution of individuals in a 2×3 matrix of categories. Which test has the larger value for df?
a. The test for goodness of fit b. The test for independence c. Both tests have the same df. d. The df value depends on the sizes of the samples that are used.
What is the social-cognitive learning theory of personality that features the mutual influence of the person and situation on each other?
a. ?reciprocal determinism b. ?behaviorism c. ?self-efficacy d. ?locus of control
An identity status that is considered to be a more mature response to identity exploration than foreclosure is moratorium
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Which of the following is Erikson's fifth developmental stage?
A. autonomy versus shame and doubt B. intimacy versus isolation C. identity versus identity confusion D. initiative versus guilt