According to Piaget, the formal operational stage of cognitive development begins around age _____ years.
A) 11
B) 13
C) 15
D) 17
A) 11
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The pigeon is still pecking the key at a steady, rapid pace, even though no reinforcement has been given for a long time. The pigeon probably was trained on a:
a. fixed-ratio schedule b. fixed-interval schedule c. continuous reinforcement schedule d. variable-ratio schedule
Which of the following is an advantage of small-n designs according to Sidman (1960)
a. They allow for easier replication. b. They contribute less to error variance. c. They allow us to look at mean (average) performance. d. They allow for easier replication AND they contribute less to error variance.
The information-processing approach is being used to
A) clarify the processing of social information. B) identify differences between innate and learned behaviors. C) facilitate bilingual speech recognition. D) predict school achievement and career success.
According to information processing perspectives, ________ refers to the amount of information a person can remember or think about at one time, whereas ________ refers to how effectively a person can work with information
A) processing capacity; processing efficiency B) processing limit; processing ability C) processing efficiency; processing capacity D) processing ability; processing limit