Describe two ways in which dendritic cells capture antigen from the intestine for presentation to T lymphocytes
What will be an ideal response?
(i) M-cell-dependent capture relies on the transcytosis of microorganisms across the gut epithelium into pockets containing dendritic cells. The dendritic cells then process and present antigens to T lymphocytes in either the T-cell areas of the Peyer's patch or the mesenteric lymph node.
(ii) M-cell independent capture occurs in the lamina propria as a result of dendritic cells extending cytoplasmic processes between intracellular enterocyte junctions. Antigen is taken up by these processes and processed, and the dendritic cell then presents antigens to T cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissue or mesenteric lymph nodes.
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A nurse is explaining about the risks of dumping syndrome to a client who recently had undergone gastric bypass surgery. Which statements made by the nurse with regard to the risks of dumping syndrome are correct? Select all that apply
1. Dumping syndrome may cause excessive sweating. 2. Dumping syndrome is too severe a complication to be controlled through changes to the diet and eating habits. 3. Dumping syndrome may place the client at risk for hyperglycemia. 4. Dumping syndrome causes a malabsorption of nutrients. 5. Dumping syndrome may cause diarrhea.
A bias-motivated crime is
A) a hate crime. B) intimate partner abuse. C) a crime committed by a stranger. D) a crime that was not reported to the police.
The two major outcomes for physical education are
a. physical activity and health. b. physical activity and fitness. c. health and fitness. d. physical activity and knowledge.
Exercise trained individuals usually produce less lactate than untrained individuals during the transition from rest to steady-state exercise.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)