Define contemporary applications of progressivism, perennialism, essentialism, and reconstructionism in today's schools

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Progressivism today can be seen in instructional strategies such as inquiry methods, project learning and simulations. It is also seen in classroom management approaches that involve students in rule making and treating student with respect and dignity. Constructivism is probably the newest idea related to progressivism. Essentialism is the dominant philosophical perspective influencing educational practice today. Politicians and policy-makers tend to favor the essentialist philosophy and it has led to proposals for change in a wide range of educational issues including content standards, accountability, standardized testing, exit tests for graduation, a reduction in teacher education programs and the "No Child Left Behind" legislation that prescribes a common curriculum, rigorous standards, frequent testing, and high levels of performance for all students regardless of their ability level. Perennialism today can be seen in some of the school reforms, for example testing and accountability, because there is a common body of knowledge to be tested, however testing would emphasize tests that assess thinking and deeper levels of learning. Elements of reconstructionism can be seen in programs that focus on environmental education, peace education, racism and prejudice, moral dilemmas, and globalism. It can also be see in the use of stories, narratives, myths and legend in the curriculum.