When a patient's fixed rate of carbohydrate metabolism is exceeded, what happens to additional calories that are consumed? I. Gluconeogenesis occurs. II. Lipogenesis occurs. III. Glycolysis takes place. IV. Glycogenesis takes place
A. I only
B. IV only
C. II, IV only
D. I, III only
?ANS: C
A. Incorrect response: Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from nonsugar carbon substrates, such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.
B. Incorrect response: Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis, in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen. This process is activated by insulin.
C. Correct response: The degree to which energy expenditure is increased is related to the degree to which the fixed rate of carbohydrate metabolism is exceeded. Once the fixed rate of carbohydrates is exceeded, additional calories must be converted to either glycogen (glycogenesis) or fat (lipogenesis). Lipogenesis is the process by which glucose is converted to fatty acids.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation C.
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