The nurse is reviewing the causes of anxiety with a patient diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Which neurotransmitter abnormalities should the nurse include as causing symptoms of anxiety? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased substance P
b. Increased epinephrine
c. Increased somatostatin
d. Decreased norepinephrine
e. Decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
ANS: B, E
Anxiety, as explained by biological theory, is associated with increased epinephrine and norepinephrine, and decreased GABA. A. C. Increased substance P is associated with depression, and increased somatostatin is associated with Huntington's disease. D. Anxiety is associated with increased and not decreased norepinephrine.
You might also like to view...
In addition to the client's religion and family situation, which of these factors should the nurse recognize as the MOST important influence affecting the client in a nurse-client interaction?
a. gender and gender orientation b. visual and hearing ability c. educational background and employment status d. self-awareness and level of compliance
How do antiplatelet drugs work?
a. Increasing the elimination of formed platelets b. Decreasing the formation of new platelets c. Preventing platelets from aggregating d. Trapping platelets in the spleen
The first antidepressants in clinical use were the:
a. mood stabilizers b. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) d. tricyclic and related antidepressants
A physician orders an arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis for a patient with COPD. Which of the following characteristics of arterial blood are measured by this test? Select all that apply
A) Oxygen B) Bicarbonate C) pH D) Viscosity E) Sodium F) Carbon dioxide