Indirect methods for measuring mutation rates make inferences from levels of genetic variation between and among ____________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
species
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Urine contains antimicrobial substances
Indicate whether this statement is TRUE or FALSE.
Why might it be more difficult to prepare a vaccine against noroviruses than against rotaviruses?
A. We haven't been able to culture noroviruses in a lab setting yet. Without a starting culture, we can't create a vaccine. B. Noroviruses are RNA viruses, where rotaviruses are DNA viruses. RNA viruses mutate far more easily than DNA viruses, so we COULD make a vaccine, but it would be rendered useless fairly quickly as the virus mutates. C. We lack a proper culturing method for large-scale production of target cells for norovirus, whereas we have such a system for the target cells of rotaviruses. Without a system to get large numbers of target cells, we can't produce a vaccine. D. Norovirus is much more infectious than rotavirus. As such, it's much harder to work with safety. This makes production of a vaccine too dangerous and unpredictable
Radiometric dating works best with ____
a. sedimentary rocks b. limestone c. metamorphic rock d. volcanic rocks e. meteorites
An epidemiologist is investigating a new disease and observes what appear to be bacteria inside tissue cells in clinical samples from victims. The scientist wants to try to isolate the bacteria in the lab. What culture conditions are most likely to be
successful? A) culturing on blood agar plates B) inoculation of EMB plates C) incubation in an anaerobic culture system D) inoculation of cell cultures E) inoculation of a minimal medium broth