Which of the following is NOT a strategy used by host cells to avoid viral infection?
a. modification of the structure of receptor sites
b. protection of a receptor by a shield
c. evolving altered restriction enzyme systems
d. inactivating the host’s antitoxin protein and replacing it with a phage antitoxin protein
Answer: D
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Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?
A) a triplet separated spatially from other triplets B) a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid C) a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid D) a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG E) a sequence in tRNA at the end
When we say "populations evolve, not individuals," what does this mean?
A. Evolution does not happen. B. Individuals cannot change, but genotype frequencies in a population can change. C. Evolution is the same thing as change in genetic makeup in a population over time. D. Only alleles change over time, not genotype frequencies. E. Only genotype frequencies change over time, not alleles.
Energy in organic wastes is indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.
Which of the following is NOT an end product of glycolysis?
a. total of 4 ATP produced b. net yield of 2 ATP c. 2 pyruvate molecules d. carbon dioxide e. production of a pair of three carbon molecules