Show how externalization, objectivation, and reification are connected by defining each concept and also by explaining the relationship between reification and Marx’s work.
What will be an ideal response?
Berger and Luckmann use the terms externalization, objectivation, and reification to refer to the process by which human activity and society attain the character of objectivity. Externalization and objectivation enable the actor to confront the social world as something outside of herself. Institutions appear external to the individual, as historical and objective facticities. They confront the individual as undeniable facts. Reification is “an extreme step” in the process of objectivation. In reification, “the real relationship between man and his world is reversed in consciousness. For instance, we reify our social roles in such a way that we say, “I have no choice in the matter. I have to act this way” (ibid.:91). Objectivation and reification are related to the Marxist concept of alienation (Berger and Luckmann 1966:197,200).
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