Which neurotransmitter abnormalities can cause symptoms of anxiety? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased epinephrine
b. Decreased norepinephrine
c. Decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
d. Increased substance P
e. Increased somatostatin
ANS: A, C
Anxiety, as explained by biological theory, is associated with increased epinephrine and norepinephrine, and decreased GABA. Increased substance P is associated with depression, and increased somatostatin is associated with Huntington's disease.
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