For a firm in monopolistic competition, innovation and product development are
A) senseless because economic profit is always zero in the long run.
B) necessary in order to have a chance of earning at least a short-run economic profit.
C) inconsequential because each firm produces a different product.
D) necessary to allow new firms to enter.
E) uncommon because other firms already produce similar products.
B
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Relative to a closed economy, if Utopia opened itself to trade domestic tile producers would 
A. produce 150 fewer cases of tile. B. produce the same amount of tile. C. produce 100 fewer cases of tile. D. produce 150 more cases of tile.
Which of the following is true?
A) If the price of a substitute rises, the demand curve shifts leftward. B) An increase in the cost of producing a good shifts the demand curve leftward. C) An increase in population shifts the demand curve leftward. D) If people expect the price of a good will rise in the future, the demand curve shifts leftward. E) For an inferior good, when income increases, the demand curve shifts leftward.
When the inflation rate is zero, the
A) real interest rate is greater than the nominal interest rate. B) real interest rate is less than the nominal interest rate. C) nominal interest rate is zero. D) real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate.
The price of chocolate chips has increased. For the producers of chocolate chip cookies, this means:
A. they can supply more at each price because some of the competition will drop out. B. they can supply less at each price because the price of a main input has gone up. C. they can supply more at each price because the price of a main input has gone up. D. they can supply more at each price because of more competition.