When caring for a patient who has advanced from stage C to stage D of the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) heart failure classification system, the nurse instructs the patient and family that this stage includes the addition of:
A) lifestyle modification and management of underlying disorder.
B) ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), blood pressure control, or beta blockers.
C) diuretics, aldosterone blockers, or vasodilators.
D) interventional therapy with left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation.
D) interventional therapy with left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation.
Explanation: A) Patients in ACC/AHA stage A heart failure are at risk for the development of heart failure but do not yet have heart disease. Interventions for patients in stage A include lifestyle modification or therapies designed to manage the underlying disorder.
B) Patients in stage B heart failure have heart disease but have yet to develop symptoms. Medical interventions for patients in stage B include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, blood pressure control, or beta blockers if there is a history of myocardial infarction.
C) Targeted interventions for patients in this stage include the interventions noted for stage B with the addition of diuretics, aldosterone blockers, or vasodilators such as isosorbide and hydralazine.
D) Interventions for patients in this stage include heart transplant, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), or continuous intravenous inotropes.
You might also like to view...
Which of the following would not be considered one of the elements for a negligence claim?
A) Duty B) Breach of duty C) Spontaneous duty D) Harm
The nurse is using the central concepts of nursing when providing client care. What actions is this nurse performing?
1. Including a client's family in discussions regarding the client's discharge health needs 2. Assessing a physically dependent client's spouse for indications of caregiver stress 3. Asking clients to define what "healthy and well" means to them 4. Suggesting wound care supplies with the priority of cost 5. Advocating for a client who is not responding to current pain control treatment
The last major transgression of ethical principles in the conduct of research occurred in the experiments conducted by the Nazis
A) True B) False
Which assessment findings would the nurse interpret as being possible signs of sensory overload in a hospitalized client?
1. Sleeplessness. 2. Anxiety. 3. Apathy. 4. Racing thoughts. 5. Somatic complaints.