Briefly compare and contrast the three major theories of how emotion works: the James-Lange theory and the Schachter-Singer theory (as well as its attendant notion of misattribution of arousal)
What will be an ideal response?
a . All theories concern how the mind's interpretation corresponds to the body's (automatic) reaction to a stimulus.
b. James-Lange: Following the emotion-triggering stimulus, the bodily processes associated with emotion come first, and the mind's perception of these processes then creates the subjective feeling of emotion ("We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we laugh...")
i. Little empirical support
ii. The body seemed to have a similar response across all emotions
c. Schachter-Singer: Emotion has two components: a bodily state of arousal and a cognitive label that identifies the arousal as corresponding to a particular emotion (based on comprehension of situation)
i. Empirically supported
ii. Allows for misattribution of emotion
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Positive psychology focuses on
a. understanding negative emotions b. promoting healthy or positive display rules c. promoting emotions such as happiness d. decreasing negative thoughts and feelings e. learning to better manage the experience of anger
About _____ suicides are reported in the United States each year
a) 12,000 b) 18,000 c) 24,000 d) 32,000
Epigenetic changes:
a. affect the expression of genes and the traits they influence. b. alter the sequence of bases in DNA. c. occur before birth but not afterwards. d. are the same as mutations.
Which of the following types of changes are of interest to a developmental psychologist?
A. Physical changes B. Physical and cognitive changes C. Physical, cognitive, and social changes D. Physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes