Pairing the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus on only a portion of the learning trials is called ________
a. partial reinforcement
b. shaping
c. intermittent pairing
d. sporadic pairing
Answer: c
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One evening, when he couldn't sleep, Mr. Bradley turned on the television and saw an infomercial for a new sleep aid. As a critical thinker, Mr. Bradley should be most cautious about this new product if:
a) the product had been subjected to an experimental study and the scrutiny of a peer-review process. b) its makers support their claims using the testimonials and anecdotal reports of "ordinary people." c) its makers discuss the scientific investigations that have compared it to other effective sleep aids rather than relying on testimonials of those with insomnia. d) the results of research connect the efficacy of the sleep-aid to other widely accepted scientific findings.
Consider the brief transcript that follows, which was taken from a session with a therapist
(T) involving a 19-year-old college student (C) suffering from anxiety. C: "Sometimes I can't stand school. There's so much pressure and so many tests and papers; the work never seems to end. There's always another deadline to meet. It'sreally getting to me." T: Sounds to me like you're saying that you needa break, perhaps a long weekend at the beach?" What therapeutic technique did the therapist demonstrate? a. Congruence b. Cognitive restructuring c. Systematic desensitization d. Reflection e. Unconditional positive regard
A great strength of the information-processing approach is its commitment to
A) fieldwork. B) structured observations. C) rigorous research methods. D) clinical interviews.
Reinforcement and imitation are best viewed as _________ language development.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word (s).