Which of the following may be included in a judge's instructions to a jury?
A. Opinion on the defendant's guilt or innocence
B. Opinion on which attorney presented the stronger case
C. Guidelines for determining insanity based on prior court rulings
D. The consequences to the defendant if convicted
E. All of the above may be included in a judge's instructions to a jury.
Answer: C
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Communalism means _____________________
a. the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected finding and new ideas b. the scientific norm says that producing knowledge is a public act and the finding should be available for all to use. In order for it to be accepted into the community, it must be rigorously reviewed c. the scientific norm that demands utmost honesty in all aspects of the research process; dishonesty, fraud, or cheating is a major taboo d. the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit e. a process of judging the merits of a research report in which the peer researchers do not know the identity of who conducted a study and the researcher does not know the identity of the evaluators in advance
In several arrest cases, the courts have considered what sources of information meetthe probable cause burden. Three main sources of information have been examined. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
a. Informants and other third parties b. Undercover agent information c. Firsthand knowledge d. Information thatturns out, after the fact, to be mistaken but is reasonably relied on
Self-report crime surveys, like all crime measures, are indexes of crime; they are not accurate measures of the true amount of crime.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Which was not identified by John Monahan as a group at potential risk of physical harm?
a. research subjects b. researchers c. lab animals d. third parties