__________ is a process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of the mainstream of society and offenders begin their escalating cycle of deviance.
A. Reactive stigmata
B. Differential morality
C. Retrospective association
D. Deviance amplification
Answer: D
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Which of the following is NOT a major reason why juveniles join gangs?
A. Identity B. Fellowship C. Protection D. Boredom
The assumption on the part of the courts that prosecutors will just good “judgment and common sense” is known as the _____.
A) Equal Protection Clause B) presumption of regularity C) right of discretion D) principle of balance
For property to be seized using the plain view doctrine, probable cause to believe that the property is contraband or that the property constitutes evidence in a criminal case must exist in order for the property to be lawfully seized
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The Supreme Court established the foundation of constitutional criminal procedure between 1865 and 1940 in cases involving abuses of Southern justice, except for
A. Use of torture to obtain confessions B. Reference to African American witnesses by first names C. Exclusion of African Americans from juries D. Mob justice