Define and discuss elaboration.
What will be an ideal response?
? Elaboration refers to the process of introducing or controlling for third variables (control or test factors) by subclassifying original tables. In discussing the resolution of the causality problem, we described three steps:
? Demonstrate a relationship between the variables
? Specify the time order (which is X [independent variable] and which is Y [dependent variable])
? Control for or exclude rival causal factors
? One way of controlling for such other factors is before the fact—that is, through research design. Another way is statistically through the subclassification of tables (elaboration) and through various statistical procedures such as partial correlation and multiple correlation and regression. Elaboration enables us to introduce statistical or tabular controls after the fact.
? Replication takes place when the partial tables replicate or reproduce the relationship in the original table.
? In elaboration, the relationship observed in the original bivariate table weakens or disappears in the partial tables.
? In elaboration, the partial table relationships weaken or disappear and the control variable is an intervening one (occurs between X and Y).
? In elaboration, when despite no relationship in the original bivariate table, a relationship occurs in the partial tables.
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