The study by Pogarsky, Kim, and Paternoster (2005) examined a national sample of youth to see if being arrested affected perceptions of the certainty of punishment. Which of the following statements about their findings is true?
a. if youth or their peers engaged in offending then the youths’ perceptions of certainty of punishment significantly increased
b. the evidence was inconclusive
c. only convictions had an effect on perceptions of the certainty of punishment
d. arrests had little effect on perceptions of the certainty of punishment
d. arrests had little effect on perceptions of the certainty of punishment
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Coding procedures are _______________________
a. the systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable b. a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes c. a document describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a format that computers can use d. the act of writing the code categories directly on the questionnaire e. a data field
In many cases, informal pressure is put on the probation officers to give the function of __________ higher priority than ________
a. supervision, investigation b. surveillance, investigation c. investigation, supervision d. monitoring, investigation
A self-formed group of youths with several identifiable characteristics, including identifying symbols, a geographic territory, and participation in illegal activities, is a ________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1) The International Association of Chiefs of Police has issued a comprehensive policy statement on biased policing and data collection. 2) Police officers never sexually harass citizens. 3) Once a police agency decides on implementing a gratuities policy, it should ensure that all officers are familiar with the policy. 4) All police officers are prohibited from accepting gifts and gratuities. 5) Restaurants and convenience stores frequently give police officers free or half-price food and drinks.