Determine the amount of excavation needed for the spread footings in Figures 9.54 and 9.56. A one-foot working distance is required and the excavation will be sloped 1:1 (one vertical foot for every horizontal foot).
What will be an ideal response?
Determine the depth as follows:
Depth = 2? – 1? + 1? = 2?
The distance from the toe of the slope to the top of the slope is calculated as follows:
DistanceSlope = 2? × 1? / 1? = 2?
The average width and length are the same because the footings are square. Calculate the average width/length:
DistanceTop of excavation = 2? + 1? + 2?6? + 1? + 2? = 8?6? = 8.5?
DistanceBottom of excavation = 1? + 2?6? + 1? = 4?6? = 4.5?
DistanceAverage = (8.5? + 4.5?) / 2 = 6.5?
General excavation = 2 ea × 6.5? × 6.5? × 2? = 169 bcf / 27 cf per cy = 6.3 bcy
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The following list of potential design projects can be addressed by following the six-step design process discussed in the chapter. A team approach to a proposed solution, with three or four members on each team, is recommended. Develop a report and oral presentation as directed by your instructor.
? A device to prevent the theft of helmets left on motorcycles ? An improved rack for carrying packages or books on a motorcycle or bicycle ? A solar-powered battery charger ? A device to permit easier draining of the oil pan by weekend mechanics ? A heated steering wheel for cold weather ? A sun shield for an automobile ? An automatic pet feeder for proper metering of food ? A storage system for a cell phone in a car (including charger) ? An improved wall outlet for multiple uses ? A beverage holder for a stand-up work desk ? A key finder for when you loose your keys ? An improved automobile traffic pattern on campus ? An alert for drowsy or sleeping drivers ? Improved bicycle brakes ? A campus transit system ? Improved pedestrian crossings at busy intersections ? Improved parking facilities in and around campus ? A device to attach to a paint can for pouring ? An improved soap dispenser ? A better method of locking weights to a barbell shaft ? A shoestring fastener to replace the knot ? A better jar opener ? A system or device to improve efficiency of limited closet space ? A shoe transporter and storer ? A device to pit fruit without damage ? An automatic device for selectively admitting and releasing pets through an auxiliary door ? A device to permit a person loaded with packages to open a door Problem continued on next page... ? A more efficient toothpaste tube ? A fingernail catcher for fingernail clippings ? A more effective alarm clock for reluctant students ? A device to help a parent monitor small children’s presence and activity in and around the house ? A simple pocket alarm that is difficult to shut off, used for discouraging muggers ? An improved storage system for luggage, books, and so on in dormitories ? A lampshade designed to permit one roommate to study while the other is asleep ? A device that would permit blind people to vote in an otherwise conventional voting booth ? A bicycle for a child with disabilities ? A silent wake-up alarm ? Home aids for the blind (or deaf) ? A safer, more efficient, and quieter air mover for room use ? A can crusher ? A rain-sensitive house window that would close automatically when it rains ? A better grass catcher for a riding lawn mower ? A built-in auto refrigerator ? A better camp cooler ? A dormitory cooler ? An impact-hammer adapter for electric drills ? An improved method of detecting and controlling the level position of the bucket on a bucket loader ? An automatic tractor-trailer-hitch aligning device ? A jack designed expressly for motorcycle use (special problems involved) ? Improved road signs for speed limits, curves, deer crossings, and so on ? A device for dealing with oil slicks ? An egg container (light, strong, compact) for camping and canoeing ? Ramps or other facilities for handicapped students
____________________ tubing is designed for the specific purpose of protecting electrical wiring.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
For the purposes of production planning, product groups should be established on the basis of:
A) the availability of materials. B) the availability of machinery. C) market segments. D) similarity of manufacturing process. E) all of the above
High efficiency condensers operate with ____________________ subcooling and are physically ____________________ than standard condensers.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).