How did Otto I effectively centralize his authority and solidify his empire?
What will be an ideal response?
After defeating the Magyars in 955, Otto was proclaimed emperor as well as king of the Eastern Franks. Seven years later, the pope granted him the title of Holy Roman Emperor, in large part because Otto continued the tradition of Pepin and Charlemagne of acting as a defender of the papacy when it was under attack. However, Otto also went so far as to make bishops into dukes in his own territories; thus making a church official into a secular vassal. Although the pope was not pleased with this, there was little he could do. For Otto, this was an effective strategy because these bishops would not marry, and there would not be the problem of dealing with sons or ensuring loyalty from the next generation. Otto retained the property to pass on to his loyal supporters and ensure their loyalty would not be diverted to their own interests. Otto also had enough authority accrued that he appointed church positions and invoked church councils in his own territories.
You might also like to view...
Which of the following countries supported the United States during the Persian Gulf War?
A. Iran B. Syria C. Libya D. Saudi Arabia
How was the reliance on philosophy unique to Greece? How did Greeks incorporate religion into society, as compared to non-Greek civilizations that we've studied?
What will be an ideal response?
Sulla's legacy and importance was that he
A) became the first non-Roman consul. B) became the first Roman general to use siege engines. C) prevented civil war by arbitrating disputes between Marius and Gaius. D) divided up the latifundia and restored the dispossessed farmers to their lands. E) employed his personal army in political disputes, paving the way toward Roman civil war.
In the 2000 election, one unusual issue where candidates Al Gore and George W. Bush differed was
a. whether to involve American troops in wars overseas. b. whether global warming is real and how to reduce the costs of environmental protection. c. how to prevent third-party candidates from becoming a nuisance in presidential elections. d. how to prevent America from being attacked by foreign terrorists. e. how to spend the huge federal budget surpluses.