______ typically work independently to expose security vulnerabilities or practices that endanger individuals’ private data.

a. Gray hats
b. Black hats
c. White hats
d. Green hats


a. Gray hats

Criminal Justice

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Assessment and monitoring mean the same thing as evaluation research

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Survey research aims to obtain a sample that is representative of the population its aiming to describe. 2. Survey researchers usually want to avoid a representative sample of the target population because this sample provides a smaller but accurate description of the population and is not generalizable to the larger population. 3. A major concern for social scientists is the response rate and how that might affect the results of a survey. 4. Participant observation research can be covert or overt.

Criminal Justice

Coercive police practices are a violation of this essential element of due process.

A. equal protection B. the third degree C. self-incrimination D. fundamental fairness

Criminal Justice

A defendant who disagrees with a judge's decision to admit questionable evidence may appeal if convicted

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice