Explain how a cell can use catabolic reactions to drive anabolic reactions despite energy loss in the
form of entropy and heat.
What will be an ideal response?
Cells use coupled reactions to harness the free energy released from a catabolic reaction. The free
energy is temporarily stored in the form on ATP. The energy in ATP is then transferred to reactants in
the anabolic reaction. This energy powers the endergonic reaction using the energy that originally
came from the exergonic catabolic reaction. Each time there is an energy transformation, some of the
energy is lost in the form of heat. This means that not all of the free energy released from the catabolic
reaction will be invested into the anabolic reaction. One way organisms can compensate is to consume
more energy sources so they have sufficient energy to drive the necessary endergonic reactions despite
entropy.
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In humans, which of the following is involved in both cellular respiration and physiological
respiration?
a. the circulatory system b. the respiratory surface c. mitochondria d. the respiratory medium e. blood
Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. What is the result of this in terms of hemoglobin function?
A. Hemoglobin has an increased ability to bind to and transport oxygen in red blood cells. B. White blood cells begin to pick up hemoglobin molecules instead and this decreases their ability to function in the immune system as intended. C. Hemoglobin has an increased ability to bind to and transport carbon dioxide in red blood cells. D. Hemoglobin has a reduced ability to bind to and transport oxygen in red blood cells.
For what 3 antimicrobials should all isolates of staphylococcus aureus be tested?
A. Vancomycin Oxacillin, Cefoxitin B. Furazolidone/ Vancomycin, Rifampin C. Bacitracin, Novobiocin, Oxacillin D. Vancomycin, Impenem, Isoniazid
At least some of the cells of a mammalian heart in the final phase of development would most likely be
A. expressing segmentation genes. B. either undergoing apoptosis or expressing cardiac-specific transcription factors. C. expressing cardiac-specific transcription factors. D. undergoing apoptosis. E. dividing rapidly.