Mitzi is extremely afraid of cats because she was badly scratched by one when she was younger. Abby is also afraid of cats, although she has never been scratched by one. However, Abby's mother is also afraid of cats
What will be an ideal response?
Answer will include the following:
(a) Mitzi's conditioned emotional response (CER) occurred through direct classical conditioning, in which the cat was a neutral stimulus until it was paired with the pain from the scratches (US). This fear of pain is an unconditioned response (UR). The cat became a conditioned stimulus (CS) after being paired with pain (US) and now can cause a conditioned response (CR) of being fearful of cats.
(b) Abby's conditioned emotional response most likely occurred through vicarious (secondhand) classical conditioning in which she learned to be afraid of cats by watching her mother's fearful responses to cats.
(c) Both Mitzi, Abby, and Abby's mother can overcome their phobias through a therapy called systematic desensitization. Each person would be gradually exposed to the feared stimuli, while she remains calm and relaxed.
You might also like to view...
After orgasm, men have a refractory period before they can become sexually aroused again
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Antidepressants were first introduced in the 1950s when _____, a drug that was used to treat tuberculosis, was found to elevate mood.
A) clozapine B) buspirone C) iproniazid D) fluoxetine
All of the following statements about sex reassignment surgery are true EXCEPT
A. 2% attempt suicide after surgery. B. 1% to 7% later regret surgery. C. female-to-male conversions adjust better than male-to-female conversions. D. all of these are correct
Which stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development best describes the infant s/child’s interaction with the world through action and purposeful manipulation of objects?
A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Sensory operational