________ is defined as a premeditated, politically or ideologically motivated attack against information systems, networks, programs, and/or data and often includes the use of electronic tools to disrupt or shut down critical infrastructure components, such as energy, transportation, or other government operations.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).


Cyberterrorism

Criminal Justice

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Under the category of labeling theory, “secondary deviance” is used to refer to crimes that ______.

A. are nonviolent, such as theft and vandalism B. occur as a result of an individual having been caught and labeled C. have traditionally been overlooked by criminologists D. occur as the result of other social problems, such as poverty and racism

Criminal Justice

Although learning techniques for committing crime is important, Sutherland focused more on learning ___________

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

The view held by local court officials as to the proper sentence, given the characteristics of the case, is known as the:

A. normative level. B. going rate. C. sentencing market. D. local rate. E. work group.

Criminal Justice

In most parts of United States, executions were carried out in public until the _____________.

A. 1750s B. 1830s C. 1870s D. 1900s

Criminal Justice