Early in the twentieth century, some scientists embraced the notion of orthogenesis, the idea that evolution ____
a. is progressive but not goal-oriented
b. produces new species with the goal of improvement
c. a natural progression set in motion by the Creator
d. occurs in spurts, induced by mutations, rather than gradually
e. happens due to the inheritance of acquired characteristics
ANSWER: b
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The sporophyte generation of a plant is and produces spores.
A. multicellular; diploid B. diploid; haploid C. haploid; diploid D. triploid; haploid E. triploid; diploid
In a cell in which 2n = 6, the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis can by itself give rise to ________ genetically different gametes.
A) two B) four C) five D) six E) eight
When certain molecules are pumped across biological membranes against a concentration gradient via active transport, ATP is used
In the cells of our bodies, for example, sugars are actively transported and metabolized within the membrane-enclosed mitochondria. Prokaryotes, in contrast, lack mitochondria but are nonetheless able to metabolize the same sugars. Based on the details provided in this scenario, which of the following statements is expected to be TRUE? A) Overall, prokaryotes will gain more ATP per sugar molecule metabolized than will eukaryotes. B) Sugar metabolism in prokaryotes is exergonic, whereas in eukaryotes it is endergonic. C) The sugar-digesting enzymes in eukaryotic cells, such as sucrase, are not the same sugar-digesting enzymes found in prokaryotic cells. D) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes should have the same metabolic efficiency when digesting the same sugars, assuming their enzymes are the same.
A snapdragon plant has red, pink, or white flowers, inherited in an incomplete dominance pattern. It can come in tall or dwarf (homozygous recessive) varieties. What is the ratio expected if you cross a pink tall (heterozygous) plant with a pink short
plant? A) 2 red tall : 2 red short : 1 pink tall : 1 pink short : 1 white tall : 1 white short B) 2 red tall : 1 red short : 1 pink tall : 1 pink short : 2 white tall : 1 white short C) 3 red tall : 3 red short : 1 white tall : 1 white short D) 1 red tall : 1 red short : 2 pink tall : 2 pink short : 1 white tall : 1 white short E) 1 red tall : 1 red short : 1 pink tall : 1 pink short : 1 white tall : 1 white short