Phonological processes are:
A. the processes through which children learn to perceive phonemes.
B. the systematic order in which children develop the phonological system.
C. systematic sound changes that children make when producing sounds in their early words
D. the processes that languages use to organize phonemes.
C
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Terrell is concerned because he feels that he is working harder and performing better than most of the other wide receivers in the NFL, yet he is not being paid more than many of them. His concerns are consistent with
a. contrast effects. b. equity theory. c. halo effects. d. 360-degree appraisals.
Which scenario is the best example of self-handicapping?
a. Roy is a cigarette smoker. He does not like to hear about the health risks of smoking. He therefore ignores such information, or dismisses it as invalid, and continues to smoke. b. Neither Yuki nor her friends ever study very much for school. Since Yuki does not know anyone who studies very hard, she assumes that in fact no one ever studies hard. As a consequence, she continues to have terrible study habits. c. Jacques has a big wrestling match coming up, but he fears that he will lose. The week before the match, he claims that he is "really busy with other studies," and does not practice at all. Even though he may not realize he is doing this, he is setting himself up so that he will have an "excuse" in case he loses the match. d. Sometimes, when Olivia has a long day, she yells at her children when she gets home. She usually feels very bad about this right after doing it. But then she realizes that she can "justify" her behavior ("I am the parent here," she thinks, "and I have the right to discipline my children.") In other words, she is able to rationalize, or excuse, a not-so-good behavior.
Instrumental conditioning is also known as:
a. classical conditioning c. instinctual conditioning b. imprinting conditioning d. operant conditioning
A person who was hazed during a group initiation ceremony may come to highly value the group through the process of
a. attributional guilt. b. cognitive dissonance. c. situationism. d. diffusion of responsibility. e. prejudice.