The patient is experiencing premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) every other beat of the cardiac rhythm. The nurse would expect which effect on the patient's cardiac output?
1. The cardiac output will be doubled.
2. There will be little if any effect on cardiac output.
3. Cardiac output will be markedly reduced.
4. Cardiac output will be reduced with normal beats and increased with PVCs.
3
Rationale 1: The cardiac output is adversely affected by PVCs.
Rationale 2: Frequent PVCs will affect cardiac output.
Rationale 3: The presence of so many PVCs will markedly reduce cardiac output.
Rationale 4: The cardiac output is a measurement over time and is not figured beat by beat. PVCs will reduce cardiac output.
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